LSG model

Transformers >= 4.23.1 This model relies on a custom modeling file, you need to add trust_remote_code=True See #13467

LSG ArXiv paper . Github/conversion script is available at this link .

• Usage
• Parameters
• Sparse selection type
• Tasks
• Training global tokens

This model is adapted from BERT-base-uncased without additional pretraining yet. It uses the same number of parameters/layers and the same tokenizer.

This model can handle long sequences but faster and more efficiently than Longformer or BigBird (from Transformers) and relies on Local + Sparse + Global attention (LSG).

The model requires sequences whose length is a multiple of the block size. The model is "adaptive" and automatically pads the sequences if needed (adaptive=True in config). It is however recommended, thanks to the tokenizer, to truncate the inputs (truncation=True) and optionally to pad with a multiple of the block size (pad_to_multiple_of=...).

Support encoder-decoder but I didnt test it extensively. Implemented in PyTorch.

Usage

The model relies on a custom modeling file, you need to add trust_remote_code=True to use it.

from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer

model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("ccdv/lsg-bert-base-uncased-4096", trust_remote_code=True)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("ccdv/lsg-bert-base-uncased-4096")

Parameters

You can change various parameters like :

• the number of global tokens (num_global_tokens=1)
• local block size (block_size=128)
• sparse block size (sparse_block_size=128)
• sparsity factor (sparsity_factor=2)
• mask_first_token (mask first token since it is redundant with the first global token)
• see config.json file

Default parameters work well in practice. If you are short on memory, reduce block sizes, increase sparsity factor and remove dropout in the attention score matrix.

from transformers import AutoModel

model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("ccdv/lsg-bert-base-uncased-4096", 
    trust_remote_code=True, 
    num_global_tokens=16,
    block_size=64,
    sparse_block_size=64,
    attention_probs_dropout_prob=0.0
    sparsity_factor=4,
    sparsity_type="none",
    mask_first_token=True
)

Sparse selection type

There are 5 different sparse selection patterns. The best type is task dependent. Note that for sequences with length < 2*block_size, the type has no effect.

• sparsity_type="norm", select highest norm tokens
  • Works best for a small sparsity_factor (2 to 4)
  • Additional parameters:
    • None
• sparsity_type="pooling", use average pooling to merge tokens
  • Works best for a small sparsity_factor (2 to 4)
  • Additional parameters:
    • None
• sparsity_type="lsh", use the LSH algorithm to cluster similar tokens
  • Works best for a large sparsity_factor (4+)
  • LSH relies on random projections, thus inference may differ slightly with different seeds
  • Additional parameters:
    • lsg_num_pre_rounds=1, pre merge tokens n times before computing centroids
• sparsity_type="stride", use a striding mecanism per head
  • Each head will use different tokens strided by sparsify_factor
  • Not recommended if sparsify_factor > num_heads
• sparsity_type="block_stride", use a striding mecanism per head
  • Each head will use block of tokens strided by sparsify_factor
  • Not recommended if sparsify_factor > num_heads

Tasks

Fill mask example:

from transformers import FillMaskPipeline, AutoModelForMaskedLM, AutoTokenizer

model = AutoModelForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("ccdv/lsg-bert-base-uncased-4096", trust_remote_code=True)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("ccdv/lsg-bert-base-uncased-4096")

SENTENCES = "Paris is the [MASK] of France."
pipeline = FillMaskPipeline(model, tokenizer)
output = pipeline(SENTENCES)

> 'Paris is the capital of France.'

Classification example:

from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification, AutoTokenizer

model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("ccdv/lsg-bert-base-uncased-4096", 
    trust_remote_code=True, 
    pool_with_global=True, # pool with a global token instead of first token
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("ccdv/lsg-bert-base-uncased-4096")

SENTENCE = "This is a test for sequence classification. " * 300
token_ids = tokenizer(
    SENTENCE, 
    return_tensors="pt", 
    #pad_to_multiple_of=... # Optional
    truncation=True
    )
output = model(**token_ids)

> SequenceClassifierOutput(loss=None, logits=tensor([[-0.3051, -0.1762]], grad_fn=<AddmmBackward>), hidden_states=None, attentions=None)

Training global tokens

To train global tokens and the classification head only:

from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification, AutoTokenizer

model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("ccdv/lsg-bert-base-uncased-4096", 
    trust_remote_code=True, 
    pool_with_global=True, # pool with a global token instead of first token
    num_global_tokens=16
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("ccdv/lsg-bert-base-uncased-4096")

for name, param in model.named_parameters():
    if "global_embeddings" not in name:
        param.requires_grad = False
    else:
        param.required_grad = True

BERT

@article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1810-04805,
  author    = {Jacob Devlin and
               Ming{-}Wei Chang and
               Kenton Lee and
               Kristina Toutanova},
  title     = {{BERT:} Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language
               Understanding},
  journal   = {CoRR},
  volume    = {abs/1810.04805},
  year      = {2018},
  url       = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprint    = {1810.04805},
  timestamp = {Tue, 30 Oct 2018 20:39:56 +0100},
  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-1810-04805.bib},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}